Drawing Bako(513.4MB, 00:03:28)撮影日：2011/08/04 | ||
 | 種類 Theropithecus gelada キーワード | |
Elisabetta Palagi 2022/11/04登録 |
Drawing Bako(513.4MB, 00:03:28)撮影日：2011/08/04 | ||
| 種類 Theropithecus gelada キーワード | |
Elisabetta Palagi 2022/11/04登録 |
動物界 >脊索動物門 >哺乳綱 >霊長目 >オナガザル科 >ゲラダヒヒ属 >- 00:00-00:04 Bako holds a big white stone and scratches its surface with the right hand.
- 00:06-00:07 He walks towards a smaller white stone.
- 00:09-00:11 He quickly looks at the top of the cliff.
- 00:07-00:19 He grabs the small white stone with the left hand and walks with it.
- 00:14 He looks again at the top of the cliff.
- 00:19-00:28 He leaves the white stone and takes a red brick, turning at 00:20 for a millisecond to the white stone again and touches it.
- 00:21 He looks at the top of the cliff.
- 00:24 He carries the brick with the left hand up to the top of the cliff, on a large shelf.
- 00:28-00:43 He rolls and rubs the brick with both hands on the surface of the ledge of the cliff, looking at the stone.
- 00:43-00:49 He stops moving the stone, holds the brick with the left hand and removes small pieces from its surface with the index finger and thumb of the right hand, putting the small pieces of stone on the surface, close to his feet.
- 00:49-1:03 He again rolls and rubs the brick on the surface with both hands:
- looking around at 00:49-00:53,
- looking at the brick at 00:53-00:55,
- looking around and stretching his feet on the brick at 00:55-00:58,
- looking at the brick at 00:55-1:03, vigorously rolling it over the surface. It is possible to see the powder of the brick flaking off.
- 1:03-1:09 He moves the brick to one side, the left hand is held still and he moves the index finger of his right hand on the surface of the ledge with eyes focused on it.
- 1:09-1.19 He rolls and rubs the brick on the surface with both hands:
- looking around at 1:09-1:12
- looking at the brick and stretching his feet on it at 1:12-1:19
- 1:19-1:21 He stops moving the brick, keeping the left hand on top of it and moves the index finger of the right hand on the surface of the shelf, the eyes are focused on the movement of the right hand.
- 1:21-1:25 He rolls and rubs the brick on the surface of the ledge with both hands, looking at it.
- 1:25-1:35 He turns away from the brick and looks at group members because he hears an infant screaming. He rocks his body and displays a threat (raised eyebrows).
- 1.35-1:55 He is out of sight.
- 1:55-2:09 He rolls the brick on the surface of the ledge with both hands looking at it; the powder visible.
- 2:09-2:12 He stops rolling the brick and places his left hand on its surface, and with the index finger of the right hand he removes parts of the brick from the top of its surface. The eyes are focused on the movement of the right hand.
- 2.12-2:15 He rolls the brick on the surface with both hands, looking around.
- 2:15-2:19 He stops the rolling. He removes parts of the brick with his left hand for less than one second (2:17) and then places the left hand on the top of its surface. With the right hand, he removes parts of the brick from the right side of it with the index and the thumb. Eyes are focused on the movements of the right hand.
- 2:19-2:20 He moves the brick closer to himself.
- 2:20-2:28 He removes parts of the brick with the index finger and thumb of the right hand from the right side of the brick. He probably rubs these small pieces on the surface of the ledge moving them from the surface close to the brick (centre) to its right far from it (the right arm makes a movement from the centre to the right) and back close to the brick (centre). Again, he removes other small pieces from the side of brick, always with the right hand and using the thumb and index finger. Eyes are focused on the movement of the right hand for all the time.
- 2:28-2:31 He rubs both hands on the top surface of the brick, a small piece of brick falls from it and Bako takes it first with the right hand then with the left hand. He rubs it on the surface of the cliff by holding it with the index finger and thumb of the left hand, then leaves it falling off the ledge. Eyes are focused on his hand movements.
- 2:31-2:39 He rolls the brick with both hands, looking around, powder is visible to the observer.
- 2:39-2:55 He stops rolling the brick and moves it to the side. He starts moving his hands on the surface of the bricks; eyes focused on the movements.
- 2:39-2:48 He moves the right index finger on the ledge of the cliff where he rubbed the brick. The movements go from the centre to the right side.
- 2:48-2:54 He moves the left index finger on the surface of the cliff where the brick rubbed the brick. The movements go from the centre to the left. Some small pieces of the brick fall from the ledge during the movement. The movements of the right and left hands overlap for one second (2:48-2:49)
- 2:54-3:04 He moves the brick closer to himself with both hands and starts rolling it again. He stops sometimes and looks around. At 3:04, while stretching his feet on the brick and looking around, he falls from the ledge onto another one below, leaving the brick on the upper ledge. At 3:06 he takes the brick, but it falls on to the ground and the stone handling session ends.
Below is the abstract from the article containing this video:
Stone handling (SH) is a form of solitary object play widely documented in four species of macaques and most recently also in geladas (Theropithecus gelada). Here, we describe the SH activity of two mother-reared captive gelada males, who combined different behavioral patterns in a sequence that occasionally led to the production of colored marks on a hard surface. Two playful techniques of different complexity emerged spontaneously in the two subjects. In the etching and releasing technique, the stone or pieces of it were repeatedly scraped across either a vertical or horizontal hard surface. In the grind and finger technique, additional patterns were recruited such as scratching the stone to produce small debris that the subjects manipulated through a thumb-index finger precision grip. Animals selected preferentially hard surfaces when their SH sessions involved patterns that potentially released color and engaged in such patterns for longer and in a repeated way. This evidence suggests the high motivation of the two males to engage in drawing-like behavior that, as it occurs for other forms of play, can be characterized by its autotelic self-rewarding nature. Digital video images related to the article are available at http://www.momo-p.com/showdetail-e.php?movieid=momo220922tg01a and http://www.momo-p.com/showdetail-e.php?movieid=momo220923tg01a
Virginia Pallante, Achim Johann, Michael A. Huffman, and Elisabetta Palagi (2023).
Stone handling in geladas (Theropithecus gelada): implications for spontaneous drawing‐like activity as a playful behavior. J. Ethol. doi.org/10.1007/s10164-022-00764-z
(データ番号：momo220923tg01a)
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